top of page

This data page provides insights into the current market regime—whether we are in a risk-on or risk-off period—along with key metrics such as the implied equity risk premium and S&P 500 valuation. Figures are updated at the market close on each trading day.

Risk On / Off
Last Update : 09/17/2025 
Current Signal : Risk Off (Short)

Date
Our Market Call
SPY Price @ Signal
Regime Return
2024/10/14
Risk Off (Short)
584.32
Current (On-going)
2024/01/03
Risk Off (Cash)
468.79
25%
2022/11/01
Risk On
384.52
22%
2022/05/16
Cover
400.09
-4%
2021/10/25
Risk Off (Short)
455.55
-12%
2021/01/04
Risk Off (Cash)
368.79
24%
2020/05/01
Risk On
282.79
30%
2020/03/09
Cover
274.23
3%
2020/01/03
Risk Off (Short)
322.41
-15%
2018/01/03
Risk Off (Cash)
270.47
19%
2015/10/01
Risk On
192.13
41%
2011/10/03
Risk On
109.93
75%
2011/08/08
Cover
112.26
-2%
2011/02/01
Risk Off (Short)
130.74
-14%
2010/02/01
Risk Off (Cash)
109.06
20%
2009/01/02
RIsk On
92.96
17%

Brief Note about our Risk On / Off Approach

The Risk On/Off framework categorizes market conditions into four primary cycles: Risk On, Risk Off (Cash), Short, and Cover. Our directional market outlook is guided by an internally calculated equity risk premium. When the equity risk premium rises above a predetermined threshold, it signals an opportunity to increase equity exposure. Conversely, a low equity risk premium indicates the need to reduce equity risk.

 

During Risk On periods, investors should consider increasing their equity exposure, as markets show signs of recovery and stability, supported by broad fundamental improvements.

 

Risk Off (Cash) phases signal early caution, as divergences between fundamentals and prices widen, potentially leading to corrections; investors should focus on maintaining quality and avoiding overvalued, speculative assets.

 

Risk Off (Short) periods occur when markets experience broad price corrections, often accompanied by heightened volatility and sharp declines in speculative investments. 
 

Cover periods represent potential market bottoms, marked by peak in braoder investor fear gauge and widespread undervaluation, offering opportunities to rebuild equity exposure strategically.

Risk On / Off [Historicals]

Risk On

Risk On
Return (%)
# of Days
Annualized Return (%)
1
17.32%
395
10.73%
2
74.77%
1459
10.12%
3
40.77%
825
11.01%
4
30.41%
248
30.97%
5
21.92%
428
12.38%
Average
37.04%
671
15.04%
Median
30.41%
428
11.01%

Risk Off (Cash)

Risk Off (Cash)
Return (%)
# of Days
Annualized (%)
1
19.88%
365
13.34%
2
19.20%
730
6.25%
3
23.53%
294
19.85%
4
24.64%
285
21.51%
Average
21.81%
418.50
15.24%
Median
21.70%
329.50
16.59%

Risk Off (Short)

Risk off (Short)
Return (%)
# of Days
Annualized (%)
1
-14.13%
188
-18.48%
2
-14.94%
66
-46.10%
3
-12.17%
203
-14.88%
Average
-13.75%
152.33
-26.49%
Median
-14.13%
188
-18.48%

Cover

Cover
Return (%)
# of Days
Annualized (%)
1
-2.08%
56
-9.01%
2
3.12%
53
15.74%
3
-3.89%
169
-5.75%
Average
-0.95%
92.67
0.33%
Median
-2.08%
56
-5.75%

S&P500 Valution, Growth Rate, and Implied Equity Risk Premium

Data
#
S&P500 Current Value
6600.35
S&P500 Inrinsic Value (1)
4932.84
Implied Expected Growth Rate (5Yr) (2)
15.96%
Implied Equity Risk Premium (3)
4.02%

Last Update : 09/17/2025

1) Intrinsic value is calculated using historical median implied equity risk premium of 5.29%

2) Implied expected growth rate in earnings is calculated by solving for the growth rate that matches current index value. 

3) Implied equity risk premium is calculated by solving for the discount rate that matches current index value.

bottom of page